Terminology

Karate 空手

Empty Hand (or "Chinese hand", though the word kara is a homonym of two completely different

kanji characters - one meaning "empty" and the other meaning "Chinese.")

Dojo 道場

Training hall (literally Place of the way)

Shihan 師範

Master Teacher (Rarely used title)

Sensei 先生

Teacher

Sempai 先輩

Senior

Kohai 後輩

Junior

Gi 衣 or 着

Uniform (Karate Suit)

Kyu 級

Levels below Black belt, counting down to 1st kyu, usually from 8th kyu

Dan 段

Steps showing mastery of the art, starting from 1st dan

Rei 礼

Courtesy/Bow

Osu 押忍

Acknowledgment (Used as a salutation between martial art practitioners.)

Yoi 用意

Ready Position

Hajime 始め

Begin

Yame 止め

Finish/Complete your movement

Mawatte 回って

Turn

Narande 並んで

Line up

Kihon waza 基本

Basics

Kata 型or形

Form

Kumite 組手

Sparring

Zanshin 残心 

Awareness